The entire selection was by random and purposive sampling technique. The death of the bamboo plants following their fruiting means the local people lose their building material; and the large increase in bamboo fruit leads to a rapid increase in rodent populations. It is highest in the rural areas [9]. Pp viii. Bamboo is regarded as poor mans timber and plays a vital role in the socio-economic livelihood of the rural population [18]. The golden bamboo lemur ingests many times the quantity of the taxiphyllin-containing bamboo that would kill a human. 3.1.1 Economic benefits of bamboo The economic assessment revealed that bamboo plantation, harvesting and processing have both positive and negative economic effects in … Bamboo was in widespread use in early China as a medium for written documents. Nov. 26, 2018 — The complex flowers of the grass family have enormous economic importance, as their pollination leads to the production of grains such as … Abd. Bamboo as a non-timber forest material can replace or use as an improvised alternative for furniture, building material, paper, ladder etc. ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF BAMBOO FOR THE TRADITIONAL BAMBOO USERS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY. Construction of platform/pallet for goats, Owner dealers who sell to middlemen who purchase and resell to builders, Middlemen who sell to end users for thatching, fencing and barn construction, Middle men who sell to yam farmers for yam staking. Bamboo is the fastest growing timber like substance on earth, growing skyward as fast as 121cm in 24hours period and can also reach maximal growth rate exceeding one meter per hour for short period of time [2]. Bamboo is a resource that is closely related with food security if sold, source of energy, poverty alleviation and environmental protection. India Nov. 14-18, 1988.. pp ix-x, Kwiyamba, S. (2005): Bamboo trade and Poverty alleviation in Ileje district pp Media Ltd pp 3. The shoot is now a fully mature culm. Bụt gave to him four magic words to attach the many nodes of bamboo: Khắc nhập, khắc xuất, which means "joined together immediately, fell apart immediately". Bamboo, one of the "Four Gentlemen" (bamboo, orchid, plum blossom and chrysanthemum), plays such an important role in traditional Chinese culture that it is even regarded as a behavior model of the gentleman. Respondents for the study were selected from the three Local Government Areas, and each of Local Government produced three Communities to give a total of Nine Communities to give a total of … Floating houses use whole bamboo stalks tied together in a big bunch to support the house floating in the water. [7], In its natural form, bamboo as a construction material is traditionally associated with the cultures of South Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific, to some extent in Central and South America, and by extension in the aesthetic of Tiki culture. Many tropical bamboo species die at or near freezing temperatures, while some of the hardier temperate bamboos can survive temperatures as low as −29 °C (−20 °F). Muhl. In Indonesia, they are sliced thin and then boiled with santan (thick coconut milk) and spices to make a dish called gulai rebung. (2007): guideline for growing Bamboo, Kenya Forestry Research Institute, KEERI pp 45. Little attention was paid to it in the past, because it was seen as not having substantial benefits in terms of generating revenue. Triticum vulgare, wheat; Zea mays, corn; Avena sativa, oat; Oryza sativa, rice; Bambusa, bamboo Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequency distribution table and return on investment (ROI). The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, but it probably comes from the Dutch or Portuguese language, which originally borrowed it from Malay or Kannada. The scaffold is used in building [17]. With the expansion of bamboo forests, their importance in people’s lives has also increased. Bamboo is grown extensively in Nagaland and the socio- economic life of the Nagas revolves around the varied use of bamboo and its products. However, the size range for mature bamboo is species-dependent, with the smallest bamboos reaching only several inches high at maturity. But Gautama Buddha (Bụt) appeared to the farmer and told him that such a tree could be made from 100 nodes from several different trees. Rural poverty is undesirable. Apart from these bamboo helps to maintain ecosystem balance such as clean air through carbon sequestration, as well as maintenance of biodiversity and attractive landscape. In: Popoola, L., Abu, J. E and Oni P. I. The forest and its resources (Bamboo) together with the benefits they provide in form of income. Most important, bamboo is renewable. Here in Nigeria, Bamboo is generally called Indian Bamboo and originated from South East Asia [6]. Rural people have great skills and are capable of transforming Bamboo and other forest products into simple products which can attract higher prices both within rural and urban markets [, In the rural areas bamboo is extensively used in making fencing, planted around ponds as water shed to reduce evaporation, carbon sequestration, making of wooden gong, used as staking materials for yams, decking of storey buildings, supporting lodging banana and plantain, building thatched houses. Lee, A.W.C, B. Xuesong and N.P Perry (1994) selected physical and mechanical properties of giant timber Bamboo grown in South Carolina. [8][9], Bamboos have long been considered the most primitive grasses, mostly because of the presence of bracteate, indeterminate inflorescences, "pseudospikelets", and flowers with three lodicules, six stamens, and three stigmata. During the recent BBBTF meeting, DTI Undersecretary Blesila Lantayona called the move as an opportunity to look into the economic importance of bamboo. Analysis done on return on investment indicated that dealers on bamboo made 92k, 82k and 76k profit for every naira invested in the business of supply for building, staking of yams and fencing barn construction and thatching respectively. [53], Bamboo pulps are mainly produced in China, Myanmar, Thailand, and India, and are used in printing and writing papers. [3], In bamboo, as in other grasses, the internodal regions of the stem are usually hollow and the vascular bundles in the cross-section are scattered throughout the stem instead of in a cylindrical arrangement. Lantayona said the DTI has been producing engineered bamboo but its facilities cannot operate at full capacity because there is currently a lack of bamboo supply. The uses of bamboo Houses, schools and other buildings. (IFAR / INBAR, 199, Tawari, 1992). [54] Several paper industries are surviving on bamboo forests. A bamboo staff, sometimes with one end sharpened, is used in the, Bamboo is used for crafting the bows, called, Bamboo was apparently used in East and South Asia as a, This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 06:04. [10], The bamboos comprise three clades classified as tribes, and these strongly correspond with geographic divisions representing the New World herbaceous species (Olyreae), tropical woody bamboos (Bambuseae), and temperate woody bamboos (Arundinarieae). It is however unfortunate that Bamboo resources utilization in support of rural livelihood has been characterized by abuse and misuse [12]. Bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Examples include clothing such as shirt tops, pants, sock for adults and children as well as bedding such as sheets and pillow covers. Distribution of Respondents according to the various uses they made of Bamboo. There is a period of dry spell called, "August break" which last for one week. The middlemen are into full time business as they invade the rural area and buy these materials in large quantities and supply to builders. The Indian state of Sikkim has promoted bamboo water bottles to keep the state free from plastic bottles [44]. The bamboo fire cycle hypothesis is considered by a few scientists to be unreasonable; they argue[23] that fires only result from humans and there is no natural fire in India. Bamboo is mystical. For millions of Nigerians rural inhabitants, life is neither satisfying nor decent. 35.56% O’Level, (WAEC/GCE/NABTEB), 8.89% OND, 2.22% have Higher National Diploma (HND), 13.33% B.Sc and other degree while 2.2% have no formal education. However, references in earlier texts surviving on other media make it clear that some precursor of these Warring States period bamboo slips was in use as early as the late Shang period (from about 1250 BC). products) are an important pool of carbon and that they constitute a carbon sink (see e.g. Abstract: The study was conducted in the three Local Government Areas of Mbaise; namely Aboh, Ahiazu and Ezinihitte to assess the socio-economic importance of Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) in Mbaise. The result further revealed that 130 of the respondents use bamboo for staking of yams, 164 for erosion control, 168 for watershed while 68 indicated using it for building construction. The bamboo has the properties to absorb the pollutants present in the atmosphere. Museum of Cultural History, UCLA: Los Angeles. Bamboo plantations can be readily harvested for a shorter period than tree plantations.[42]. The landlord decided to foil the marriage with an impossible deal; the farmer must bring him a "bamboo tree of 100 nodes". Their incomes are low, diets are inadequate, and often uncertain [10]. In fact, many species only flower at intervals as long as 65 or 120 years. Nwaihu E. C., Egbuche C. T., Onuoha G. N., Ibe A. E., Socio-Economic Importance and Livelihood Utilization of Bamboo (, Environment and Applied Science Management in a Changing Global Climate, The study was conducted in the three Local Government Areas of Mbaise; namely Aboh, Ahiazu and Ezinihitte to assess the socio-economic importance of Bamboo (, Seldom was other forest component considered to have economic value [, Bamboo is the fastest growing timber like substance on earth, growing skyward as fast as 121cm in 24hours period and can also reach maximal growth rate exceeding one meter per hour for short period of time [, Bamboo has made significant contributions to rural and urban livelihood apart from its ecosystems role. Most important, bamboo is renewable. Over the next 2–5 years (depending on species), fungus begins to form on the outside of the culm, which eventually penetrates and overcomes the culm. These seeds give rise to a new generation of plants that may be identical in appearance to those that preceded the flowering, or they may produce new cultivars with different characteristics, such as the presence or absence of striping or other changes in coloration of the culms. An insignificant number (26) indicated using it for construction of pallet/platform for goats. Several bamboo species are never known to set seed even when sporadically flowering has been reported. For economic reasons, it is important to do at least the primary processing as close as possible to the bamboo plantation. The minister said the sensitivity with which the Modi government views the importance of bamboo is evident from the fact that it has amended the century-old Indian Forest Act by taking home grown bamboo out of the purview of the Act, in order to enhance livelihood opportunities through bamboo. 12% or 7% of the respondents supply to people who use it for thatching residential fencing and barn construction. Similarly, steamed tea is sometimes rammed into bamboo hollows to produce compressed forms of Pu-erh tea. As canons of Buddhism forbids cruelty to animals, flesh and egg were not allowed in the diet. Return on investment on bamboo accruable to dealers: It can be seen from investment analysis that investment on bamboo has a high return as much timber forest products can yield. In any case, flowering produces masses of seeds, typically suspended from the ends of the branches. and Bond, I.D (1999): Agro forestry in the content of Land cleaning and conservation. Bamboos seldom and unpredictably flower and the frequency of flowering varies greatly from species to species. [17] As garden plants, many species grow readily outside these ranges, including most of Europe and the United States. In Bamboos current Research (I.V. Once the poles are lined up together, they cut a hole crosswise through the poles at each end and use a small bamboo pole pushed through that hole like a screw to hold all the long bamboo poles together. [36][37] Moreover, because of the rapid growth bamboo is an effective Climate change mitigation and carbon sequestration crop, absorbing between 100 and 400 tonnes of carbon per hectare. Subfamily of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae, Bamboo foliage with yellow stems (probably, Bamboo foliage with black stems (probably, A bamboo hedge contained by an in-ground barrier, shown during and after construction, Brauen, M. Bamboo in Old Japan: Art and Culture on the Threshold to Modernity. Fiber corporation Resource Fiber is contracting farmers in the United States for Bamboo cultivation. Small or young specimens of an individual species produce small culms initially. Some of the largest timber bamboo can grow over 30 m (98 ft) tall, and be as large as 250–300 mm (10–12 in) in diameter. For millions of Nigerians rural inhabitants, life is neither satisfying nor decent. This argues that the dead culms create a large fuel load, and also a large target for lightning strikes, increasing the likelihood of wildfire. In Konkani cuisine, the tender shoots (kirlu) are grated and cooked with crushed jackfruit seeds to prepare kirla sukke. Random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Clark, L (1997): Bamboos: the centre piece of the grass family. In China, it’s a symbol of uprightness and in India a symbol of friendship. One hypothesis to explain the evolution of this semelparous mass flowering is the predator satiation hypothesis, which argues that by fruiting at the same time, a population increases the survival rate of its seeds by flooding the area with fruit, so even if predators eat their fill, seeds will still be left over. Arnoldsche Art Publishers: Stuttgart, McCallum, T. M. Containing Beauty: Japanese Bamboo Flower Baskets. Shun passed the test of being able to run his household with the two emperor's daughters as wives, and thus Yao made Shun his successor, bypassing his unworthy son. Bamboo is extensively used in the study area for yam staking, fencing, architectural building, construction of yam barns etc. A festschrift: Chigozie Cyril Asiabaka Braima D. Jame (Eds) pp 239-252. Multiple Responses: Dealers on Bamboo. However, a mutant bamboo plant flowering at an integer multiple of its population's flowering interval would release its seeds only during collective flowering events, and would release more seeds than the average plant in the population. the people have rich cultural heritage. These architects have made a deliberate attempt to increase social acceptance of bamboo and promote its adoption as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly building materials among both the rich and the poor [, The study was carried out in Mbaise, Imo State Southeast Nigeria. The predator satiation hypothesis does not explain why the flowering cycle is 10 times longer than the lifespan of the local rodents, something not predicted. After harvesting, virtually every part of the plant is used to make a wide variety of … The dicotyledonous woody xylem is also absent. Distribution of respondents dealers According to uses of bamboo. A 12-item researcher-made questionnaire was the main gathering tool supported by interview and observation. In Chepman, G.P (Eals): the Bamboos, Linnean Society symposium series Number 19, Academic Press London, UK pp 501-512. ... Table 2 shows that all the respondents (100%) had knowledge of existence of bamboo in the locality, ... Energy Plant Species: their use and Bamboos constitute one of a few select categories of plants which are taxonomically related, very rich in species and of vital economic and ecological importance. Ramanuja Rao, R Gnanabaran and C.B Sastory, pds). Table 2. Rural people have great skills and are capable of transforming Bamboo and other forest products into simple products which can attract higher prices both within rural and urban markets [7]. It is a fast-growing, sustainable source of material that helps businesses […] The second generation ethanol can be made using bamboo, cotton straw, rice straw and residual cane-waste (bagasse). Retrieved 2014-9-11. They use 8 to 12 poles, 6–7 m (20–23 ft) long, laid together side by side to a width of about 1 m (3 ft). As the number of rodents increases, they consume all available food, including grain fields and stored food, sometimes leading to famine. Bamboo symbolizes the spirit of Vovinam (a Vietnamese martial arts): cương nhu phối triển (coordination between hard and soft (martial arts)). Bamboo has a wide range of hardiness depending on species and locale. The tender bamboo shoot (sǔn 筍 in Chinese) thus became a nutritious alternative. UN (1972): Sharing experiences of incentive measure for conservation on biological diversity, third meeting Beunos Aires. The group of plants belonging to a family of giant woody grasses is called bamboo. Bamboos include some of the fastest-growing plants in the world,[5] due to a unique rhizome-dependent system. three major characteristics of the Poaceae or grass family separate them from other plant families. Economic Importance of Poaceae lies for both men and animals. Along the riverine areas of Nigeria, houses are built entirely with Bamboo with only raffia palm used for roffing [21]. The latest data from China indicate that the Chinese bamboo industry created a value of US$5.5 billion in 2004. Above all, it is used in, making handicrafts, props for banana and plantain. INBAR (2000): the Tropical tree crops and their uses. Vol. During this time, each new shoot grows vertically into a culm with no branching out until the majority of the mature height is reached. In modern days, it is used as industrial raw material for pulp and paper. Beginning with the sharp bamboo blades prepared to remove the umbilical cord of a new born and even accompanying dead person with finely woven bamboo mats wrapped all over the body. Anji County of China, known as the "Town of Bamboo", provides the optimal climate and soil conditions to grow, harvest, and process some of the most valued bamboo poles available worldwide. Bamboo are a significant structural component of many forest ecosystems and play a major role in ecosystem dynamics through their distinctive cycle of mass flowering and subsequent die – off [24]. Since the early 20th century the accepted number of species of bamboos, world wide, has tripled. Many Buddhist temples also have bamboo groves. A typical height range that would cover many of the common bamboos grown in the United States is 4.5–12 m (15–39 ft), depending on species. bamboo. In Chinese culture, the bamboo, plum blossom, orchid, and chrysanthemum (often known as méi lán zhú jú 梅蘭竹菊 in Chinese) are collectively referred to as the Four Gentlemen. 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